The Indian Law Resource Center is a non-profit law and advocacy organization. We have offices in Helena, Montana and Washington, D.C. Our attorneys are licensed to practice in Montana, Maryland, New York, Illinois, and the District of Columbia. The materials on the Indian Law Resource Center website have been prepared for general informational purposes only. The information on our website is not intended to create, and receipt of it does not constitute, an attorney-client relationship or a professional relationship of any kind. The materials on our website do not contain privileged information and do not constitute legal advice or counseling.

The Indian Law Resource Center makes no representations as to the timeliness or accuracy of the information on this website, nor as to the timeliness or accuracy of information available from the links provided on this website. A website cannot serve as a replacement for legal representation. During the drafting of the Indian Constitution, laws from Ireland, USA, Britain and France were all synthesized to get a refined set of Indian laws as it currently stands. Indian laws also adhere to the United Nations guidelines on Human Rights and the environment. Certain international trade laws such as those of intellectual rights etc. are also enforced in India. Indian Civil Law is complex with each religion having its own specific laws which they adhere to. In most states, registering of marriages and divorces is not compulsory. There are separate laws governing Hindus, Muslims, Christians, Sikhs and other religions. The exception to this rule is in the state of Goa, where a Portuguese Uniform Civil Code is in place, in which all religions have a common law regarding marriages, divorces and adoption.

Constitution of India
The Supreme Court of India is the highest court of the land as established by Chapter IV of the Constitution of India. Articles 124 to 147 of the constitution of India lay down the constitution and jurisdiction of the Supreme Court of India. Supreme Court of India had its inaugural sitting on January 28, 1950 and since then has delivered more than 24,000 reported judgments. The constitution of India draws extensively from Western legal traditions in its outline of the principles of liberal democracy. It is distinguished from many Western constitutions, however, in its elaboration of principles reflecting the aspirations to end the inequities of traditional social relations and enhance the social welfare of the population.

Supreme Court
On April 24, 1973, the Supreme Court responded to the parliamentary offensive by ruling in the Keshavananda Bharati v the State of Kerala case that although these amendments were constitutional, the court still reserved for itself the discretion to reject any constitutional amendments passed by Parliament by declaring that the amendments cannot change the constitution's "basic structure". This was however later overruled by Parliament during the 1975-77 Emergency period in January 1977 when it passed another amendment to the constitution which prevented the Supreme Court from reviewing any amendment to the constitution with the exception of procedural issues concerning ratification.

Indian Law
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